Previous studies found that most SUDEP occurred in young patients or in bedrooms, so we hypothesize that an abrupt global geomagnetic field change at night may be associated with the increased occurrence of SUDEP in epilepsy. These results indicate that a variety of geomagnetic activity markedly elevates the mortality of kindled rats and that the electromagnetic stimulation is related to SUDEP in epilepsy. The rats suffered a mortality rate of 60% within 24 h following the injection of lithium and pilocarpine, in contrast to the mortality of 10% in the control group. In one study, rats were first exposed to 500, 50, 10–40 nT or sham (less than 10 nT) experimental magnetic fields for 6 min each hour from midnight to 8:00 am for three successive nights and then injected with pilocarpine to induce epileptic seizures. SUDEP is not an unusual phenomenon among patients with epilepsy. Electromagnetic waves are associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) found that one of 8 epilepsy patients receiving TMS developed a focal epileptic seizure induced by TMS. reported that a 58-year-old stroke patient who attempted to use rTMS to rehabilitate left hemiparesis, developed a convulsive seizure during his first session of subthreshold. ![]() Three of 9 healthy participants who received rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), suffered from secondary generalized seizures when stimulated at the highest intensity despite the lack of definite risk factors and two case reports each reported the development of seizure during a rTMS session in a patient with depression. However, a number of studies have reported that rTMS can induce episodic epileptic seizures in healthy individuals, nonepileptic patients, or patients with epilepsy. ![]() Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuro-electrophysiological technique developed to treat depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and other psychiatric and neurological diseases. Electromagnetic waves evoke seizure activity However, whether the effects of electromagnetic activity occur in epileptic patients remain unknown. found that when the intensity of artificial, enhanced geomagnetic activity exceeded 20–25 nT, the seizures occurred more quickly than that under average daily geomagnetic activity. In rats with lithium and pilocarpine injections, Bureau et al. Exposure to increased magnitudes of daily natural geomagnetic activity (regional range approximately 10–70 nT) or nocturnal exposure to experimental magnetic fields that simulated geomagnetic activity with incremental changes in intensity over time significantly elevated the incidence of seizures in epileptic rats during the observational period. ![]() in next morning with changing intensities (from 0 nT to 70 nT in increments of 15 or 20 nT for 30 s) and revealed that the exposed rats had increased occurrence of seizures the next day. exposed chronic epileptic rats to artificial magnetic fields that simulated the magnitude and morphology of enhanced geomagnetic activity for 5 min once per hour from midnight to 8:00 a.m. In this paper, we summarize the effects of electromagnetic activity on epilepsy and the applications of electromagnetic activity in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy by systematically reviewing literature searched in the PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases.Įlectromagnetic waves aggravate epileptic seizuresĮlectromagnetic activity has been demonstrated to increase the susceptibility to epilepsy in animal studies. However, many neuronal modulatory devices that produce electromagnetic fields have been introduced to diagnose and treat epilepsy. Numerous studies have revealed that electromagnetic activity in the environment can also trigger seizures in epileptic patients. In addition, various factors may trigger seizures in patients with epilepsy, such as alcohol consumption and hyperventilation. Epilepsy can affect people of all ages, and nearly 50% of patients with newly-diagnosed epilepsy do not become seizure-free after antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by recurrent, transient, rigid, and usually self-limiting seizures, with a global prevalence of 7‰ according to the epidemic surveying data, representing approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide.
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